Nothing brightens up an email like an emoticon. But is it appropriate to include a smiley face in an email to your boss? Also, what do time management experts mean when they say you should start each day by "eating the frog"? Plus, the story behind the phrase "the whole kit and caboodle," and some book recommendations for language lovers. If you see the trash can as half-full, are you an optimist or a pessimist? A puzzle involving breakfast cereals, the difference between "adept" and "deft", and the origin of the political term "solon". And what in the world is a "hoorah's nest"?

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Is it appropriate to use emoticons in business emails? After all, you wouldn't write a smiley face in a printed letter, right? Martha and Grant discuss the point at which you start using those little symbols in correspondence. Call it "The Rubicon on the Emoticon." Judith Newman has more observations about emoticons in business correspondence in this New York Times piece.

Why are non-commissioned Naval officers called petty officers? After all, there's nothing petty about them. The term comes from the French "petit," meaning "under, less than, or ranking below in a hierarchy." Petty comes up in myriad instances of formal language, such as petty theft, which is a lesser charge than grand larceny.

To summarize something, we often use the phrase "all told." But should it be "all tolled"? The correct phrase, "all told," comes from an old use of the word "tell" meaning "to count," as in a bank teller. All told is an example of an absolute construction — a phrase that, in other words, can't be broken down and must be treated as a single entity.

What do parents say when they tuck their children in at night? How about "good night, sleep tight, and see you on the big drum"? Have you heard that one, which may have to do with an old regiment in the British Army?

How do you manage your time? Perhaps by eating the frog, which means "to do the most distasteful task first." This is also known as "carrying guts to a bear."

From Puzzle Guy John Chaneski comes a great game for the breakfast table in the tradition of such cereal names as Cheerios and Wheaties. What kind of cereal does a hedge fund manager eat? Portfolios! And what do Liberal Arts majors pour in their bowls? Humanities!

What is the difference between "adept" and "deft"? It's similar to that between mastery and artistry. "Adept" often describes a person, as in, "Messi is adept at dribbling a soccer ball." "Deft," on the other hand, is usually applied to the product of an act, such as "deft brush strokes."

There are some words we just love to mispronounce, like "spatula" as "spatular," which rhymes with "bachelor."

If someone plans to make hay of something, they're going to take advantage of it. It comes from the idiom "make hay while the sun shines," based on the fact that moving hay can be a real pain when it's dark and damp.

Martha has a follow-up to an earlier call about why hairstylists advise clients to use product on their hair. At least in the food business, product often refers to the item before it's ready for consumption. For example, coffee grounds might be called product, but once it has been brewed, it becomes coffee.

If you see the trash can as half full, does that make you an optimist or a pessimist? Since it's half full of garbage, as opposed to daisies or puppies, it's questionable. On the other hand, in the tweeted words of Jill Morris: "Some people look at the glass as half empty. I look at the glass as a weapon. You can never be too safe around pessimists."

If we're talking about the whole lot of something, we call it the whole kit and kaboodle. But what's a kaboodle? In Dutch, a "kit en boedel" refer to a house and everything in it. For the sake of the English idiom, we just slapped the "k" in front.

Grant has two great children's books to recommend: The Three Pigs by David Wiesner, a meta-narrative based on the classic title characters, and Elephant Wish, a touching cross-generational story by Lou Berger, the head writer of Sesame Street. Martha recommends The Word Project: Odd and Obscure Words, beautifully illustrated by Polly M. Law. Stop by your local bookseller and pick up a copy for your sweetheart, a.k.a. your pigsney!

If something's messy, it looks like a hoorah's nest. But what's a hoorah? It beats us. All we know is, it leaves its nest in a real state of confusion, and does it well enough to inspire a popular idiom.

The Twitter hashtag #Bookswithalettermissing has proved to be a popular one. We discussed some great examples in an earlier episode.

But why not take a letter off the author as well? As in, Animal Far by George Owell, the story about an animal that ran away, prompting a nonchalant farmer to say, "Oh, well." (The joke's doubly funny if you know that the name "George" comes from the Greek for "farmer.")

There's some confusion about the uses of "at" and "by", particularly among those for whom English is a second language. Prepositions often cause trouble, because they don't translate perfectly. Nonetheless, it's important to know that in standard English, if someone is staying home, they're staying at home, not by home.

Here's a testy T-shirt slogan: "Polyamory is wrong! It's either multiamory or polyphilia. But mixing Greek and Latin roots? Wrong!"

"Solon" often pops up in headlines as a label for legislators. It is actually an eponym, referring to Solon, an esteemed lawgiver from ancient Athens who lay much of the groundwork for the original democracy. Nowadays, however, the term solon is commonly used ironically, since our legislators don't display the noble disinterest that Solon did a few millennia ago.

The great Leonard Bernstein once said, "A writer is a person for whom writing is more difficult than it is for other people." What are your favorite quotes on writing?

… Read the original blog post.

Back a few years ago, when computer disk memory was limited and one needed more space to copy files, it was the optimist who said his disk was half empty.

Because I use an older technology (sickle) mower, I also must make hay while the sun shines. However, the newer disk mowers can cut wet hay. This can be advantageous in that the drying conditions can partially remove the external and internal moisture concurrently, shortening the drying time. I must wait for these removals to occur consecutively. However, I do have a tedder which helps significantly when more rain is threatening.

Emmett

Post edited 7:33AM – Nov-15-11 by Glenn

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I was intrigued by the discussion of "by me." As I mentioned in response to another thread, (by George!) using by with a person to represent their house is a part of my informal language range. While neither of my parents spoke any language other than American English, and I have no Jewish (Hebrew or Yiddish) family ties, I did grow up in an ethnically diverse, pan-European, urban neighborhood. All sorts of religions, languages, accents, and dialects were present. My parents, raised likewise, used this construction as well.

English does not have a convenient preposition of locality analogous to those found in many languages to represent someone's place (e.g., German bei + dative; French chez + prepositional; Russian у + genitive[u + genitive]; perhaps Old Spanish onde; Hebrew בֵּית [beth]; Latin apud + accusative). In English you have to use a longer phrase, like: at someone's place. Perhaps this nonstandard use of by crept into some dialects of English to fill a perceived gap in English.

I agree that German (or the Germanic Yiddish) is the most likely origin.

mefikmz said:

The "make hay" question seemed way more straightforward than what the caller or Grant and Martha said. It's still a positive expression, but the show she was watching was talking about wanting to prevent "enemies" from "making hay". A positive for an enemy is a negative for you.

Say. It strikes me that this relates obliquely to the trash-can-half-full question. The meaning flip-flops from positive to negative depending upon which position and perspective you take on the situation.

telemath said:

Fun words to mispronounce: I like reading the "Road Construction" signs as "Road Constriction."

Here is Dilbert's take.